International Journal of School Health

Research Article

14/7/2016

Personal Hygiene Components in Iranian Children and Adolescent Magazines

Fereshteh Ghorbanizadeh, Mina Afshar, Mohammad Reza Soleymani

Materials and Methods: This was an applied research and the method was content analysis. The analysis unit was page (text and image) of all children and adolescent magazines published during years 2013 and 2014 in Iran. The research was done based on Shannon entropy. The validity of the data-gathering tool was confirmed by experts in health education. Test-retest was used to determine the reliability of the tool and the correlation coefficient was 0.84.

Research Article

1/7/2016

Prevalence of Noncommunicable Diseases’ Risk Factors Among Secondary School Students in Eastern Iran in 2013

Elaheh Yari, Amir Tiyuri, Davood Beheshti, Hooriyeh Khodabakhshi, Gholamreza Sharifzadeh

Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 369 secondary school students aged between 15 - 20 years were selected using randomized cluster sampling in 2013. To gather data, the national health system questionnaire regarding NCDs with a stepwise approach was used. The data were derived by health trained workers through face-to-face interview, and physical assessments including height, weight, and blood pressure in every school. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests with the SPSS software version 18.

Results: From a total of 369 students in the study, 180 cases (48.8%) were boys with the mean age of 16.98 ± 1.04 years. The prevalence rates of cigarette, and hookah smoking were 2.4% and 18.4%, respectively. Overweight and obesity were diagnosed in 15.2% of the population. The prevalence of hypertension was observed in 6% of the participants. The prevalence rates of hookah smoking and hypertension in boys were significantly higher than in girls (P < 0.05). Moreover, it was found that low consumption rates of fruits and vegetables were 57.7% and 58.3%, respectively.

Research Article

11/3/2016

The Effect of Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy and Family Social Support on Test Anxiety in Elementary Students: A Path Model

Ali Asghar Bayani

Patients and Methods: Participants were 374 elementary students (179 boys; 195 girls) who completed the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, the perceived social support from family, the self-efficacy questionnaire and the test anxiety inventory. The relationships between the variables were examined via path analysis. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and analysis of moment structures (AMOS) software.

Results: Findings showed that self-efficacy was negatively related with test anxiety (-0.23, P < 0.01), a significant negative association existed between self-esteem and test anxiety (-0.37, P < 0.01) and there was a negative association between social support and test anxiety (-0.18, P < 0.05). The mediation effect of self-esteem on the relationship between self-efficacy, social support and test anxiety were supported in a path model.

Research Article

1/7/2016

The Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy and Students’ Defense Mechanisms

Farideh Hamidi, Farshid Paidar

Patients and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on all male students (n = 680) enrolled in the second and third grades of high school in east Azerbaijan, Iran, during 2014 - 2015. To select the sample, first the defense style questionnaire (DSQ, Andrews et al. 1993) was completed by 150 students and among those who had the required conditions to participate in the study, 30 students were randomly selected and divided into the control (n = 15) and experimental (n = 15) groups. Eight sessions of the REBT were conducted on the experimental group. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA analysis with the SPSS software version 20.

Results: Results showed that after the interventions, a significant relationship was found between the control and experimental groups in terms of using mature and immature defense mechanisms (P < 0.05). However, the relationship between the control and experimental groups was not significant in terms of the neurotic defense mechanism (P > 0.05). In this regard, the rational emotive behavioral group counseling leads to reduction of using immature defense mechanisms (F_(1,2) = 43.55, P = 0, ηp² = 0.67) and increase using of mature defense mechanisms (F_(1,2) = 19.78, P = 0, ηp² = 0.42) among the students.

Research Article

14/5/2016

The Mediator Role of Life Satisfaction and Lack of Depression in the Effect of Intimacy With Parents on Resilience: The Next Generation of Path Modeling

Mohammad Hossein Khani, Batul Tamme, Seyede Khadije Moradianie Geizeh Rod, Logan Nickles

Background: Coping with painful events and unfavorable emotions is a special goal for every human being. The ability to effectively cope with these events is called resilience. Among high-school students who are prone to facing many stressful incidents, this construct has had special importance because resilience predicts mental and physical health of students in the future to a great degree, and it will have many other positive effects as well.

Research Article

1/7/2016

Perception of School Moral Atmosphere and Elementary Students’ Moral Development

Parvin Kadivar, Naeimeh Kohoulat, Mohammad Hossein Abdolahi, Fariba Khoshbakht

Patients and Methods: The statistical population consisted of the students of Shiraz elementary schools. Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to select 412 participants (grade four to six students) from different schools. They completed self-report questionnaires tapping school moral atmosphere questionnaire (SMAQ) and moral judgment test (MJT) in the classroom during a school lesson. All descriptive statistics, regression, and confirmatory factor analyses were performed with the SPSS 19 software.

Research Article

16/7/2016

Mediating Role of Resilience in Relationship Between Attachment Style Dimensions and Quality of Life in High School Students

Habibollah Naderi, Abbas Akbari, Roya Abbasi-Asl

Materials and Methods: The population of the study consisted of all male and female high school students in Babolsar, Iran, in the academic year 2014 - 2015. Participants included 367 high school students (226 females and 141 males) from Babolsar city, Iran, selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Participants completed attachment styles, quality of life and resilience scales. The research conceptual model was analyzed and assessed using simultaneous sequential regression method and the steps proposed by Baron and Kenny (1986). All analyses were performed by SPSS ver. 22 software.

Results: The obtained results showed that: 1) the secure attachment style was a positive predictor of resilience (P < 0.01) and quality of life (P < 0.01); 2) the insecure attachment avoidant style was a negative predictor of resilience (P < 0.01) and the insecure attachment ambivalent style was a negative predictor of resilience (P < 0.01) and quality of life (P < 0.01); 3) the resilience was a positive predictor of quality of life (P < 0.01); 4) the resilience played the role of a partial mediator between insecure attachment ambivalent style and quality of life; 5) the resilience was a complete mediator between secure attachment style and quality of life.

Research Article

3/8/2016

The Association Between Blood Lead Level and Microcytic Hypochoromic Anemia in Children

Soheila Zareifar, Samaneh Mazloomi, Mozhgan Zahmatkeshan, Mahdi Shahriari, Khadijeh Saadat Najeeb, Fahimeh Fattah

Methods: In this study, 27 cases, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were assigned to group A, as hypochromic microcytic anemia with iron deficiency. Another 18 hypochromic microcytic anemia cases with normal ferritin levels were assigned to group B. Besides, 20 healthy children were chosen as the control group. All the statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical software. P values of < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.

Results: The children in group A showed significant correlations between lead levels and hemoglobin (-0.770; P values = 0.001), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (-0.679; P values = 0.001), and ferritin (-0.509; P values < 0.001). In group B, only a significant correlation was observed between lead levels and ferritin (-0.637; P values = 0.001). In the control group, a significant correlation was found between lead levels and MCV (-0.483; P values = 0.031) and ferritin (-0.562; P values = 0.010). Multiple comparisons test showed significant mean differences (± SD) between the control group and groups A (1.26 ± 0.28; P values = 0.001) and B (1.78 ± 0.31; Pvalues = 0.001) regarding the lead levels, but no significant difference was seen between groups A and B in this regard.

International Journal of School Health: Oct 2016, 3 (4), 8 articles.